Chemical Properties
- Urea, also called carbamide (because it is a diamide of carbonic acid), is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2. This amide has two amino groups (–NH2) joined by a carbonyl functional group (–C(=O)–). It is thus the simplest amide of carbamic acid.
Uses
- Agriculture: More than 90% of world industrial production of urea is destined for use as a nitrogen-release fertilizer.
- Resins: Urea is a raw material for the manufacture of formaldehyde based resins, such as UF, MUF, and MUPF, used mainly in wood-based panels, for instance, particleboard, fiberboard, OSB, and plywood.
- Explosives: Urea can be used in a reaction with nitric acid to make urea nitrate, a high explosive that is used industrially and as part of some improvised explosive devices.
- Automobile systems: Urea is used in Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) reactions to reduce the NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion from diesel, dual fuel, and lean-burn natural gas engines.
- Many other uses.
Properties
| Chemical formula | CO(NH2)2 |
| Molar mass | 60.06 g/mol |
| Appearance | White solid |
| Density | 1.32 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 133 to 135 °C (271 to 275 °F; 406 to 408 K) |
| Boiling point | decomposes |
| Solubility in water | 545 g/L (at 25 °C) |
| Solubility | 500 g/L glycerol 50 g/L ethanol ~4 g/L acetonitrile |
| Basicity (pKb) | 13.9 |
| Conjugate acid | Uronium |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | −33.4·10−6 cm3/mol |
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