Miscible with many organic solvents such as benzene, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; decomposes upon contact with water and alcohol
II. Chemical Properties
Sulfur monochloride is stable at room temperature. However, when the temperature reaches 100°C, it decomposes into the corresponding simple substances, and it completely decomposes at 300°C. It can be reduced by metals to form chlorides and sulfides. Reacting with chlorine gas produces sulfur dichloride. In addition, sulfur monochloride can react with metal oxides or sulfides to form metal chlorides. It can also react with dihydrogen mono – aketide to produce hydrogen mono – aketide chloride and hydrogen persulfide.
III. Monitoring and Environmental Standards
Item
Details
Monitoring Method
Gas chromatography, referring to Handbook of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Chromatographic Analysis), Chemical Industry Press
Environmental Standard (USA)
The workshop hygiene standard is 5.5mg/m³
IV. Preparation Methods
Reaction of Sulfur and Chlorine：Prepared by the reaction of sulfur with a limited amount of chlorine at 50 – 60°C for 16 – 20 hours. The reaction equation is: 2S + Cl₂ → S₂Cl₂.
By – product Method from the Reaction of Carbon Disulfide and Chlorine：When carbon disulfide reacts with chlorine at 95 – 100°C to produce carbon tetrachloride, disulfur dichloride is produced as a by – product. The reaction equation is: CS₂ + 3Cl₂ → CCl₄ + S₂Cl₂.
V. Application Areas
Sulfur monochloride has important applications in multiple fields:
Rubber Industry：As a low – temperature vulcanizing agent and adhesive for rubber, it can improve the properties of rubber and enhance the quality and durability of rubber products.
Organic Synthesis：Used to introduce C–S bonds in organic synthesis. For example, in the presence of aluminum chloride, it reacts with benzene to form diphenyl sulfide; it reacts with ethylene to produce mustard gas; it is also an important reagent in the Herz reaction.
VI. Environmental Impact and Health Hazards
Health Hazards
Sulfur monochloride can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption. It has a suffocating odor and a strong irritating effect on the eyes and upper respiratory mucosa, which can cause severe skin burns. In severe cases, it may also lead to pulmonary edema.
Toxicology and Environmental Behavior
Item
Details
Acute Toxicity
LC50 150ppm (inhalation by mice)
Hazardous Characteristics
It has the risk of combustion when exposed to high heat, open flames, or oxidants. It releases heat and toxic corrosive fumes when heated or decomposed by water
Evacuate personnel in the leakage contaminated area to a safe zone and prohibit unauthorized personnel from entering. Emergency responders should wear self – contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing. Keep good ventilation, avoid direct contact with the leakage, and prevent the leakage from coming into contact with combustible materials such as wood, paper, and oil. Plug the leak under safe conditions. In case of a large – scale leakage, contain it with a dike.
Protection Measures
Protection Part
Measures
Respiratory System
When there is a possibility of contact with its vapor or smoke, gas masks or air – supplied helmets must be worn. In emergency rescue or escape situations, self – contained breathing apparatus is recommended
Eyes
Wear chemical safety goggles
Body
Wear work clothes made of anti – corrosive materials
Hands
Wear rubber gloves
Others
Take a shower and change clothes after work. Store poisoned clothes separately and wash them before reuse. Maintain good personal hygiene habits
First – Aid Measures
Contact Type
First – Aid Method
Skin Contact
Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse thoroughly with flowing water. If burns occur, seek medical treatment in time
Eye Contact
Immediately lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes, then seek medical treatment
Inhalation
Quickly move the patient to a place with fresh air. If there is difficulty in breathing, provide oxygen. If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately and seek medical treatment as soon as possible
Ingestion
For those who have ingested it by mistake, give milk or egg white, and then seek medical treatment immediately
Fire Extinguishing
Carbon dioxide and sand can be used for fire extinguishing. Water is prohibited
VIII. Safety Information
Item
Details
Packaging Grade
I
Hazard Class
8
Customs Code
2812104100
Dangerous Goods Transport Number
UN 3390 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany
3
Hazard Class Codes
R14;R20;R25;R29;R35;R50
Safety Statements
S26 – S36/37/39 – S45 – S61
RTECS Number
WS4300000
Hazard Symbols
T: Toxic; C: Corrosive; N: Dangerous for the environment
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